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2013外科主治医师整形外科学复习4

  2013年外科主治医师整形外科学复习要点

  组织工程与再生医学

  l 组织工程原理:

  种子细胞+生物材料 = 细胞-材料复合物 --à骨、软骨、肝、肠、膀胱 etc

  生物材料功能:支架(形态依据)、可降解

  用途:修复缺损的组织

  可以构造的人体器官:骨、软骨、心脏、肾脏、膀胱、肌腱、血管etc

  病例:颅骨缺损

  Repair>>>Replacement>>>Regeneration

  体外组织构建——未来的“组织商品”?

  肌腱: 生物反应器 Bioreactor 模拟体内环境、组织生长

  体外构建皮肤、软骨

  l 干细胞

  低等动物再生现象:海星

  干细胞

  干细胞分化:干细胞>>>>

  分化细胞

  不对称分裂

  干细胞:成体干细胞、胚胎干细胞

  脂肪肝细胞ADSC:乳房再造(脂肪肝细胞与脂肪细胞按照一定比例注射)

  成纤维细胞治疗瘢痕

  l 动物克隆

  胚泡的内细胞群取出培养

  l IPS人造万能干细胞

  人皮肤细胞转入4个基因成为万能干细胞

  Lesson 5 Plastic Surgery for Congential Deformity

  l What is Plastic Surgery?

  Plastic Surgery requires manipulation of skin, soft tissue and bone—from head to toe

  Goal—establish the form and function

  Objects—Recognize>Classification>Principle>Basic Treatment

  l Classification: Pathology\Anatomy\Symptom\Syndrome\Embrology\Unknown

  Hand Deformity: 多指畸形、复拇畸形

  Poland Syndrome: 单侧乳房发育不全>胸大肌缺损或发育不全

  Giant Hand: 脉管畸形

  Upper Eyelid Ptosis: 上睑下垂

  Brachycephaly: 短头畸形(冠状缝早闭)

  Cleft lip: 裂唇

  Crouzon: 面中部凹陷、颅面缝早闭、短头畸形、凸眼

  Facial Clefts: 面裂

  Hypertelorism: 眶距增宽

  Neurofibroma: 神经纤维瘤(纤维、血管、血窦)

  Plagiocephaly: 斜头畸形(一侧冠状缝早闭)

  Treacher Collins Syndrome: 下颌骨缺失、颧骨发育不良

  Small Eyes: 眼线短

  Gaint Hairy Nevus: 巨痣

  Craniosynostosis: 颅缝早闭

  Cleft Palate: 腭裂

  Fibrodysplasia: 骨纤维异常增生症

  Hemifacial Microsomia: 半面短小症 下颌骨发育不良、咬合平面歪向患侧

  Hemifacial Atrophy: 半面萎缩 有明确的分界线、软组织发育不全导致骨组织发育空间障碍

  血管瘤

  Abdominal Hernia: 腹疝(腹直肌缺如)

  l Principal of Treatment:

  1. Function first, Form second

  2. Series Therapy 序列治疗:time\multiply team work\cooperation

  eg.唇裂的序列治疗

  l Teatment: 去多、补少、复位

  Cutting & Removing

  Expansion or Extension

  Grafting

  Reposition

  Lesson 6 Craniofacial Surgery

  l Definition: subspecialty of maxillofacial surgery plastic surgery

  does not include surgery of brain or eye

  ENT that deals with congenital and acquired deformities of the skull\face\jaws

  no tissue-specific

  congenital deformities & acquired deformities & facial contouring

  l Paul Tessier — the father of modern craniofacial surgery

  Using autogeneous bone grafts instead of silicone to modify skull & facial contours

  Transcranial and subcranial correction of orbital hypertelorism

  Techniques for correctiong Treacher Collins Syndrome

  Correction of oro-ocular clefts

  1.颅面部骨架可以大块的被游离截断、进行重排,而不至于骨块坏死,眼球和周围的眼眶骨架可以在较大范围内进行上下左右的移位和固定,而不至于影响视力

  2.Le Fort 的三条著名的骨折线

  Ⅰ:低位骨折线

  Ⅱ:面中部骨折线

  Ⅲ:上颌骨和颅底分离骨折线

  3.BSSRO = Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy 下颌骨矢状劈开截骨术

  4.延长器

  l Cleft Lip Treatment Plan

  1.Prenatal Diagnosis Genetic diagnosis

  2.Birth (1-4wks)

  3.Lip Surgery (3-4months) nasal remodeling

  4.Palatal surgery (1 year) ENT screening middle eat disease

  5.Speech evaluation (2.5 year) VPI(5year)

  6.Alveolar bone grafting(7-9years) Revision lip and nose

  7.Orthodontic Orthognathic surgery

  8.Final evaluation(17 years)

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