Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used—what a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

　　Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.

　　One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.

　　62. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________ .

　　[A] it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

　　[B] it can reflect the development of the nation

　　[C] it helps understand the nation's past and present

　　[D] it can demonstrate the nation's civilization

　　63. It can be learned from this passage that ________ .

　　[A] the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music

　　[B] Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra

　　[C] the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music

　　[D] the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music

　　64. According to the author, music notation is important because ________ .

　　[A] it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it

　　[B] it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians

　　[C] it is the printed version of standardized folk music

　　[D] it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

　　65. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music ________ .

　　[A] has brought about an information revolution

　　[B] has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of computers

　　[C] has given rise to new forms of music culture

　　[D] has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments

　　66. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

　　[A] Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.

　　[B] Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.

　　[C] Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.

　　[D] The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.

　　Passage Two

　　62. C 细节题。文章第一段第二句指出，调查一种文化的工具和技术有助于了解该文化的历史和生活方式，所以C正确;其他三项均未提及，排除。

　　63. B 推断题。结合文章第一段最后一句可知，近东音乐影响了欧洲交响乐中大多数乐器的发展，所以B正确;A(交响乐的存在归因于近东和中国音乐的传播)，C(交响乐的发展表明了东西方音乐的相互影响)，D(交响乐中的乐器是在近东音乐的基础上发展而来的)，均排除。

　　64. A 推断题。由文章第二段最后一句可知，人们阅读音乐符号(识谱)的能力会对音乐产生深远影响，所以A正确;B(乐谱被民歌音乐家所使用时往往把民歌标准化)，C(乐谱是标准化的民间音乐的印刷版本)，D(乐谱鼓励人们去传播普及歌曲的印刷版本)均排除。

　　65. C 推断题。A(导致了信息革命)，B(加速了新一代计算机的出现)，C(即带来了新的音乐形式)，D(导致了传统乐器的改革)。由文章最后一段第一句可知，电子媒介进入音乐领域后影响音乐文化。只有C是对此句的进一步阐释，而A、B、D、分别提到了原句未出现的新的概念，故排除。

　　66. D 主旨题。通读全文可知，文章讨论了音乐文化发展和物质文化发展的关系，文章还指出，物质文化的发展在很大程度上决定了音乐文化的发展，所以D正确;A(乐器早晚会被电脑代替)，B(音乐只有被记录才能传承)，C(民歌只有印在活页乐谱上才能传播久远)均排除。