Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.

　　Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出)something suspicious in the grain pile.

　　Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"—string of alphabetic or numerical characters—ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

　　The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.

　　57. Which of the following is TRUE about memory?

　　[A] It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.

　　[B] It is based on the decisions we made in the past.

　　[C] It is rooted in our past habits and skills.

　　[D] It connects our past experiences with the present.

　　58. According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPT that ________.

　　[A] it involves a change in one's behavior

　　[B] it keeps information for later use

　　[C] it warns people not to do things repeatedly

　　[D] it enables one to remember events that happened in the past

　　59. What is the author's view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?

　　[A] Computers have better memory than a child does.

　　[B] Computers are as intelligent as a teenager is.

　　[C] Computers can understand as many as 100,000 words.

　　[D] Human beings are far superior to computers.

　　60. What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?

　　[A] It can be expanded by language. [C] It may keep all the information in the past.

　　[B] It can remember all the combined words. [D] It may change what has been stored in it.

　　61. Human beings make themselves different from other animals by _______.

　　[A] having the ability to perceive danger

　　[B] having a far greater memory capacity

　　[C] having the ability to recognize faces and places on sight

　　[D] having the ability to draw on past experiences

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　57. D 推断题。由文章第一段可知，在我们过去的经验中可以找到对日常各种看法的理解、我们做决定的基础、我们习惯的根源以及我们所掌握的技能，而所有这些经验都通过记忆和现在联系在了一起，所以D正确。

　　58. C 细节题。本题可采用排除法。A、B、D三项在文章第二、三段中均有提及，而原文中并没有提出C(记忆告诫人们不要重复做事情)，故选C。

　　59. D 推断题。由文章第三段中的...teenager probably recognizes... 100,000 words... this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored 可知，电脑与青少年都有10万单词的记忆量，但对于青少年来说，这只占大脑信息存储量的一小部分，言外之意是人脑优于电脑，所以D正确。

　　60. B 细节题。文章最后一段第三句明确指出，语言可以极大地扩展人类记忆事物的数量和种类，第四句又说这一特点使人有别于动物，由此可知这是人类记忆力的主要特点，所以A正确。

　　61. B 细节题。由文章最后一句指出人类强大的记忆力使人区别于其他动物，故选B。