阅读理解

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.

　　Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.

　　“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.

　　As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.

　　Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.

　　57.The second paragraph implies that .

　　[A]teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems

　　[B]a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship

　　[C]human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging

　　[D]both A and B

　　58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that .

　　[A]everyone is a part of an island [B]man cannot be an island

　　[C]everyone is just a part of society [D]society is an island

　　59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on .

　　[A]age [B]belonging

　　[C]personality [D]culture

　　60. The author thinks that close friends .

　　[A]can be easily formed when one is young [B]cannot be long-lasting

　　[C]are not rare for everyone [D]are rare for most people

　　61.The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means .

　　[A]not respecting [B]dishonoring

　　[C]regardless [D]considering

　　【全文翻译】

　　友谊是人类基本的纽带之一。友谊的特点可能因国而异，但是来自任何文化中的人不仅仅都喜欢朋友，而且也都需要朋友。

　　许多研究表明，没有朋友的青少年常常会患心理疾病。研究表明，青少年也许比其他任何年龄组的人更需要友谊和归属感。寂寞对老年人也有许多的负面影响。丧偶常常使一个寡妇或鳏夫完全丧失了亲人。但是，如果他们的周围有朋友和亲戚，他们能够表达自己的感情，那么他们更有可能从悲伤中恢复过来。

　　“谁都不是一座岛”，换句话说，我们都是社会的一部分。我们都需要他人的爱、赏识、尊重和道义上的支持。如果幸运的话，我们的朋友会为我们提供生活所必需的这一切。

　　正如许多人注意到得那样，友谊有多种层次。友谊的亲密程度各不相同，主要取决于人的个性和关系背景。外向的人喜欢被许多人簇拥着，而内向的人也许喜欢与少数的人保持亲密的友谊。

　　每个人并不都是同等地对待所有的朋友。友谊的亲密程度受多种因素的影响。在人生的任何阶段都可以交到亲密的朋友，但数量通常很少。不是很多人都有一些真正亲密的朋友。不论友谊的亲密程度如何，任何友谊都是建立在互惠、诚实和一定的友爱和关怀的基础之上的。【答案解析】

　　57.【解析】[C]推断题。本文讨论了友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。文章第二段表明人都需要陪伴和归属感。文章第二段提到没有朋友的青少年和丧偶的老年人常常会有心理问题，并提到陪伴和归属感是他们共同的需求，所以C为正确答案。答案A和B都过于武断，作者只是说一般而言，并没有说一定会，所以不对。

　　58.【解析】[C]细节题。“No man is an island” (Line 1, Para. 3) 的意思是，每个人都是社会的一部分。第三段第二句话解释了这句引言的意思， “In other words, we are all parts of society”所以C为正确答案。

　　59.【解析】[C]细节推理题。友谊的亲密程度主要取决于人的个性。见第四段第二句，“The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals ...”所以C为正确答案。

　　60.【解析】[D]细节推理题。作者认为多数人的亲密朋友并不多。见第五段第三句，“Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare”在人生的任何阶段都可以交到亲密的朋友，但数量通常很少，由此推断D为正确答案。

　　61.【解析】[C]词汇题。“irrespective”(第五段最后一句)这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。见最后一句，“Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on ...”不论亲密的程度如何，任何友谊都是建立在互惠、诚实和一定的友爱和关怀的基础之上的。根据上下文，可推测出这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。所以C为正确答案。