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四级词汇

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2012年6月四级考试词汇笔记完整版(七)

非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)

  1.当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。

  独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

  现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。

  54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.

  A followed B following C to follow D being followed

  49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.

  A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

  call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

  独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

  36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

  A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

  as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。

  动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;

  been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励

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