文都考研英语老师为大家梳理一下1994年考研英语真题阅读Text 1的要点，涉及相对重要的词汇和短语的含义和用法以及典型长难句的分析。这篇文章主要介绍了美国经济体制的运转方式。供2018考研学子复习。

　　The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

　　private-enterprise“民营企业的”;market-oriented“以市场为导向的”;in which引导定语从句，即“在这样的经济环境中”;largely“主要地，在很大程度上”。

　　Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.

　　striving to make profits现在分词起到补充说明的作用;strive to do努力做某事;make profits“赚钱”;in competition with“与...竞争”;under competitive pressures“在竞争压力下”;相关表达：compete动词形式，competitor“竞争者，对手”，fierce market competition“激烈的市场竞争”。

　　Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

　　强调句型it is... that...;coupled with相当于and;maximize“使最大化”;resources“资源”，natural resources“自然资源”。

　　An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.

　　factor“因素”;mechanisim“机制”;by which引导定语从句，即“通过这样的机制”，means/ method/ manner等表示“方式”的词后出现定语从句，也用by which来引导;respond to“响应，回应”，也可以用介词短语in response to。

　　If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.

　　be in short supply“供应不足”;relative to“相对于”;bid up“抬价”;eliminate“清除，淘汰”;on the other hand“另一方面”，往往应用于写作;commodity“商品”;result in“导致”;this指代逗号前的这种情况;tend to do“倾向于做某事”;in turn“反过来”;permit“允许”。thus“因此”，阅读中，应该重点关注总结性提示词。

　　In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

　　concept“概念”;embrace“包含”，也可以表示“拥抱”;make a contract with“与...签订合同”。

　　以上就是文都考研英语老师为大家梳理的1994年考研英语真题阅读Text 1的要点，希望对各位同学的复习有所帮助。对于阅读中出现的相对重要的内容，建议大家完成之后，定期回顾，循序渐进，直到彻底掌握为止。

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