虚拟语气是考研英语语法基础知识中的难点,很多同学从中学时候起就对这一知识点存在盲区,鉴于此,文都网校特为广大考生整理此文,希望大家扫除知识盲区。在英语中,以下情况需要使用虚拟语气:
一、 在if虚拟条件句中(又称非真实条件句),所表达的内容与实际情况相反。
例:If I knew German, I would read the book in the original. 如果我懂德语,我会读这本书的德文原版。(实际情况是不懂德语)
注:
1. 在if 虚拟条件句中,有时把连词if省去,采用倒装语序把谓语部分中的were或had或 should移到句首构成非真实条件句的另一种句型,其意思不变。
例:Were he to start out today, he would get there by Thursday. 要是他能今天出发,周四就能到了。(实际情况是今天没有出发的计划)
2. 在错综条件句中,虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生时间不一致,这时,主句和从句的谓语动词就要根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。
例:Had the case been tried in the U.S. , they would have been put in jail and wouldn’t be there on holiday. 如果这个案件是在美国审理的话,那么他们会被判入狱,此刻也就不会去那度假了。(真实的情况是案件不是在美国审理的,他们也没有入狱,而且他们现在正在度假。)
二、虚拟语气在从句中的应用
1. wish 后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气,表达不可实现的愿望。
例:I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鸟。(实际情况是人不可能是鸟。)
具体用法:wish后的宾语从句如果是与现在事实相反,谓语用动词过去式,be用were;如果是与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时,即had done的形式;如果是与将来事实相反,则用would/ should + V(原形)。
例:I wish that my college life hadn’t finished. 我希望我的大学生活没有结束。(实际情况是大学生活早已结束。)
2. 在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或“should+V (原)”来表示虚拟语气。这类动词有:ask, command, demand, insist, order, propose, suggest, move, desire, require, urge。
例:I move that we should cite the Hang Seng Index as a reference. 我提议参考恒生指数。
3. 在“It is/ was +形容词/ 动词(过去分词) +that…”句型中,that 所引导的主语从句的谓语动词用动词原形或“should +V(原)”来表示虚拟语气。这类形容词有important,necessary,essential,natural,desirable,unusual,appropriate,imperative,preferable,possible。
例:It is highly desirable that a new principal (should) be appointed for this school.
It is suggested that he (should) be sent to the American Stock Exchange.
4. 在idea, necessity, plan, motion, order, proposal, suggestion, recommendation 等抽象名词有关同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形
例:My idea is that the doctor be hired at a handsome salary.
5. 在as if, as though 引导的从句中一般用虚拟语气。
例:She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own.
6. 有时虚拟语气隐含在由转折连词or, otherwise, but, though , except, save (除了…之外)等及介词but for, without所引导的结构中。
例:Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.
7. 在lest, for fear that, in case引导的状语从句中,多用“should +V (原)”表示虚拟。
例:They are working hard for fear that they should lose the last cast.
8. 在would(had) rather, would sooner, would just as soon as 后的从句中,要用虚拟语气,表示希望或婉转的责备,动词用过去时表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况。
例:Don’t come today. I would rather you came tomorrow.
I’d just as soon you had returned the book.
9. 在“It is time”引导的从句中,其谓语动词用过去式或should+ V(原);注意用should时不能将其省略。
例:It is high time that we should put an end to environmental pollution.
10. if only 引导省略了结果主语的虚拟语气结构;表达愿望意思是“要是…就好了…”
例:If only I attended the United nations General Assembly.
11. suppose, supposing 都可单独引起一个句子,用于提出建议或假设; 都可引导虚拟条件句
例:Suppose there were no gravitational forces, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.
12. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用虚拟语气,可用动词原形,may +V(原) 或用as it were 作为插入语。
例:Long live world peace. 世界和平万岁。
May you be happy all your life. 祝你一生幸福。
热点聚焦 | 考研关注 |
复习备考 | 综合辅导 |