英语单词几乎是天天必背的,但一定要有计划性,有的人常常用整段的时间如整个上午来背单词,有时候又一天都不翻一下单词书,这是不可取的。2016考研的同学最好制定一个计划,多少天背完一遍,每天背多少个,每天什么时候背,规划地清清楚楚,效率也会高很多。
penalty
n.处罚,罚金;刑罚
【例】The maximum penalty for this crime is 10 years’ imprisonment.这种罪行的最高刑罚是10年监禁。
【同义替换】fine, punishment
【派生】penalize v.处罚;惩罚 penalization n.处罚;惩罚
【真题】The current state of affairs may have been encouraged——though not justified——by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe)for data leakage.
现在这种状况,虽然不合理,但(在美国,而不是欧洲)由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁,可能还会加剧。
premium
n.额外费用;奖金,奖赏;保险费
【例】A premium of 2 percent is paid on long-term investments.投资期限较长者可获得百分之二的奖励。
【构词】prem(第一,首要)——-ium→一流的→高级的,优质的
【真题】Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
在诸多形成因素中,我想特别指出这个国家优异的小学教育、欢迎新技术的劳动大军、对发明者进行奖励的做法,尤其是美国人在处理技术性事物时所具有的非语言的“空间”思维才能。
respective
a.各自的,各个的
【例】They were all men of considerable culture and had their respective aesthetic pursuits.他们具有深厚的文化修养,有各自的美学追求。
【同义替换】each, individual
【派生】respectively ad.分别地,各自地 irrespective a.不顾的,无关的
【真题】Thus the American president and vice president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
美国总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C开头的。乔治·布什的26位前任(包括他的父亲)的姓氏的第一个字母都在字母表的前一半,而只有16位总统姓氏首字母在字母表的后一半。
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