英语单词几乎是天天必背的,但一定要有计划性,有的人常常用整段的时间如整个上午来背单词,有时候又一天都不翻一下单词书,这是不可取的。2016考研的同学最好制定一个计划,多少天背完一遍,每天背多少个,每天什么时候背,规划地清清楚楚,效率也会高很多。
★ ruin
v.毁灭;(使)破产
n.毁灭,崩溃;(pl.)废墟
【例1】He was convinced that government involvement would ruin the company.他确信政府的干预会把公司毁掉。
【例2】Many ruins of Roman date are to be seen in the south of France.许多古罗马时代的遗迹可以在法国南部看到。
【同义替换】demolish, destroy, spoil, wreck
【派生】ruination n.祸根 ruinous a.带来巨大损失的(尤指财务上) ruinously ad.(财务)损失大地
★ starve
v.(使)饿死,饿得慌,挨饿
【例】AtheroGenics, a cash-starved and debt-laden American bio-tech firm, declared bankruptcy this week. AtheroGenics公司(一家资金匮乏而且债务沉重的美国生物技术公司),本周宣布破产。
【派生】starvation n.挨饿,饿死
★ summon
v.召唤;传讯,传唤;鼓起(勇气),振作(精神)
【例1】At last she summoned sufficient courage to cross over the road.最后,她鼓起勇气穿过马路。
【例2】They were summoned as witnesses.他们被传召为证人。
【构词】sum(=sub下面)+mon(警告)→私下警告→传唤
【派生】summons n.(法院的)传唤,传票 v.传唤,传讯(尤指对指控进行答辩)
★ alter
v.改变,更改;该做(衣服)
vi.改变,变化
【例】He was right in that America was altering with staggering rapidity.美国当时正以惊人的速度发生变化,这一点他没有说错。
【同义替换】change, modify
【派生】alterable a.可改变的,可修改的 alteration n.改变,更改 alternate a.交替的,轮流的 v.(使)交替,(使)轮流 alternative n.二选一;供选择的东西;取舍 a.二选一的
【真题1】An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers’ behavior by itself.当女工们意识到自己被当做实验对象时,这种意识本身好像就足够改变工人们的行为。
【真题2】The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced”.梅南德总结道,高等教育改革的关键是改变“知识分子的培养方式”。
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