They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person　is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　主干识别: 并列句主干一：They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory

　　并列句主干二：they are essential to practices

　　其他成分：in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements 定语从句

　　翻译点拨：词的处理：

　　They 它们(自由与尊严)，代词做主语，根据前文可知为：Freedom and dignity

　　man of traditional theory(在翻译的时候记住KK讲的增词原则，可以加上动词“定义”)

　　定语1，名词，定语2

　　(先后再前在加名词)

　　possessions 所有物，…拥有的东西

　　autonomous (self-governing) 自主行为的;自我管理的;自我约束的

　　practices 实践活动(经常是可以不翻译的一个废词)

　　is held responsible for 对……负责

　　given credit for 认可;赞誉;给予肯定

　　结构的突破：

　　they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　初步翻译：they are essential to practices

　　自由和尊严对于实践活动是必须的。

　　in which a person is held responsible for his conduct

　　在这种实践活动中一个人应该为他的行为负责

　　(in which a person is ) given credit for his achievements.

　　在这种实践活动中一个人会因其业绩而给予肯定

　　思考： 如果能够把“实践活动”去了，会不会改变英语中的句子含义，因为“实践活动”在这里实在是冗长?

　　直接说：他们对于后面两件事情是必须的

　　试一下：一个人应该为他的行为负责

　　一个人会因其业绩而给予肯定

　　这对于(要求)一个人应该为他的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定而言，是必须的。

　　结论：实践活动就是后面的两件事情在这里只起到语法作用，没有语义功能可以去掉。

　　参考译文：自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

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