考研英语阅读理解C部分——翻译的大纲命题与做题策略指导

　　(二)英译汉(翻译题)做题策略指导

　　英译汉的过程包括阅读理解、转化表达和检查核对三个阶段, 阅读理解是表达的前提, 若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达;检查核对则是对前两者的进一步深化，是对理解和表达的进一步检查以及对译文的进一步推敲。

　　1.阅读理解

　　阅读理解的目的在于读懂英语原文的意思，主要包括对全文的整体理解和对划线句子的重点理解。主要包括以下几个方面内容：

　　(1)通读全文。目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，了解文章的背景知识、写作风格和文章体裁，这样有助于深刻地了解原文的主题思想和确定译文的表达风格;还要理解划线部分与文章其他部分之间的逻辑关系。划线句子不是孤立的，它与其所在的段落甚至整篇文章都有密切的联系，尤其是一些代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those，other等，要弄清楚它们所指代的内容，有时必须要到整段甚至整篇文章中去寻找。

　　(2)分析句子结构。考研翻译五个划线部分的句子基本上都是复杂的长句(20个以上单词)，或者是带有复杂修饰成分的并列句，或者是带有两个以上从句的主从复合句。分析句子结构，就是要将整个长句分成若干个短句，同时理清各部分之间的逻辑关系。结构分析是做好考研翻译的关键一步。

　　在分析句子结构时，可用一些具体的符号进行标示。比如，句子间的逻辑层次关系用/来表示，/为第一层，//为第二层，以此类推;连接词：用全框来表示;修饰成分用()来表示，等等。

　　下面以2009年考研翻译48，49题为例说明整个阅读理解的过程。

　　But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

　　48. While it is easy to ignore (in our contact with them) the effect of our acts upon their disposition,/ it is not so easy as (in dealing with adults).

　　【句子结构分析】

　　(1)本句是一个主从复合句，即由while引导的让步状语从句，主从句之间呈现出一层对比的逻辑关系，句子的主干是it is not so easy;

　　(2)主句是个省略句，补充完整应该是it is not so easy (to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition) as in dealing with adults;

　　(3)从句是while引导的让步状语从句，it做形式主语代替不定式“to ignore … disposition”;句中的in our contact with them将ignore与其宾语the effect of …分割开来;

　　(4)主句中出现了them, their两个代词，通读全文，尤其是由本段前一句话But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.可知，这两处代词都是指代“年轻人”。

　　49. Since our chief business (with them)is to enable them to share in a common life / we cannot help considering // whether or no we are forming the powers /// which will secure this ability.

　　【句子结构分析】

　　(1)本句是一个复杂的主从复合句，句子主干是we cannot help considering，since引导的是原因状语从句，为句子的第一层;

　　(2)whether or no引导的是宾语从句做considering的宾语，是整个句子的第二层;

　　(3)which引导的是定语从句修饰powers，为句子的第三层;

　　(4)them 由前文可知，其指代“年轻人”。

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